Ngenxa yokwanda kwengcindezi yezinsiza kanye nemvelo ezweni lethu, iminyango kahulumeni isiphakamise izinjongo “zokuzuza intuthuko esimeme, ukwakha umphakathi owonga izinsiza futhi ohambisana nemvelo” kanye “nokuqinisekisa ukwehla ngo-20% kokusetshenziswa kukagesi kanye nokunciphisa ngo-10% ukukhishwa okuphelele kwezinto ezinkulu ezingcolisa umoya njengoba kunqunywa oHlelweni Lweshumi Nanye Lweminyaka Emihlanu”. E-China,ukuphonsaidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu embonini yokukhiqiza imishini, ngokukhiqiza ukukhiqiza okubekwe kuqala emhlabeni iminyaka eyisithupha ilandelana. Kukhona amabhizinisi asakaza angaphezulu kuka-27000, phakathi kwawo, ngaphandle kwamabhizinisi ambalwa amakhulu anobuchwepheshe bokuphonsa obuphambili, okokusebenza okuhle kakhulu kokukhiqiza, nezindlela eziyisisekelo zokuvikela imvelo, amabhizinisi amaningi asakaza asenobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obuphelelwe yisikhathi, imishini yokukhiqiza ephelelwe yisikhathi, nezindaba zokuvikela imvelo ezingakafakwa ohlelweni lomsebenzi.
Imboni yabasunguli ezweni lakithi ibhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu ekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Ngokwemibiko, u-80% kuya ku-95% waseChinaukuphonsaamafekthri ikakhulukazi asebenzisa ukubumba ngesandla, futhi ngaphansi kuka-5% yenani eliphelele leziqhumiso zomlilo afakwe izinsiza ezisebenzayo zokuvikela imvelo. Ngaphezulu kwamaphesenti angama-80 amabhizinisi akhiqiza izinto ezinezimo ezinzima, izimo zokusebenza ezingezinhle, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza obubuyela emuva, nezindlela zokukhiqiza ezibanzi. Ngokombono wesakhiwo semboni yokulingisa, amabhizinisi anazo zombili izinkundla zokuphonsa noma izinkundla zokucobelelana ngolwazi ezingaphansi kwesikhungo sokukhiqiza esisingethe, kanye nezitshalo zokulingisa ezichwepheshile kanye nenani elikhulu lezitshalo zasemalokishini. Ngokwezinga lokukhiqiza nesikali, kukhona zombili izisekelo ezinkulu ezinomshini ophezulu, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokuphuma konyaka kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zamathaniukusakaza, kanye nezisekelo ezincane ezinemishini elula, ukusebenza ngezandla, ubuchwepheshe obuphelelwe yisikhathi, kanye nokukhishwa konyaka kwamathani angaphezu kwekhulu okulingisa. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yomthelela wamandla, izici zendawo ezungezile, namanani entengo yezemisebenzi, ukukhiqizwa kokulingisa emazweni athuthukile ezimboni zaseNtshonalanga kuye kwehla, futhi kancane kancane aphendukele emazweni asathuthuka ukuze athenge ukulingisa okuvamile, kuyilapho ethumela kwamanye amazwe ukulingisa kwekhwalithi ephezulu okunokuqukethwe okuphezulu kobuchwepheshe kanye nenani eliphakeme elengeziwe emazweni asathuthuka. Njengamanje, ukusheshisa kokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke kwezomnotho kunikeza amathuba kanye nezinselelo zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yaseChina. Isidingo sokulingisa amaShayina kuzo zombili izimakethe zamazwe ngamazwe kanye nezasekhaya sikhombisa ukukhula okuqhubekayo.
Imishini yokusakaza,ukubunjwa kwesihlabathi sokucubungula
Ngokusekelwe ezingeni lamanje lobuchwepheshe bokusakaza kanye nezinkinga ezinkulu e-China, lesi sihloko sihlola izindlela ezisebenzayo zokufinyelela "ukusakaza okuluhlaza nokunobungani kwemvelo" kusukela kulezi zici ezilandelayo:
1. Ukuthuthukiswa kwamazinga okukhiqiza okuluhlaza embonini yabasunguli kuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo obufana nethiyori yedizayini yomkhiqizo nezindlela, ubuchwepheshe bokusebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo, izinqubo zokukhiqiza nobuchwepheshe bemishini, ubuchwepheshe bokuhlola, ubuchwepheshe bokuzenzakalela, njll. Lezi yizingxenye ezihlobene, zincike komunye nomunye, futhi ezibalulekile zokuphila nokuthuthukiswa kwemboni yomsunguli Dizayina ukulingisa okuluhlaza kanye nezinqubo zokuphonsa ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza kanye nokuqinisekisa izinga lokukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo engokwemvelo, kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza eziluhlaza ukuze uqinisekise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza eziluhlaza. of castings kuwo wonke umjikelezo wabo wokuphila emthonjeni Ngokucabangela izici ezibalulekile ezinethonya zokusetshenziswa okuqondile kwamandla, izinsiza, kanye nokuphuma kwezinto ezingcolile kanye nemfucuza, ubuchwepheshe bokuphonsa okuluhlaza kanye nobuchwepheshe bemishini yokucubungula kwamukelwa ukuze kuguqulwe izinto ezingavuthiwe neziyisizayo (okufakwayo) zibe ukulingisa (okuphumayo okuwusizo), ngaleyo ndlela kuzuzwe ukukhiqizwa kwangempela "okuluhlaza nokuvumelana nemvelo" futhi kufakwa esikhundleni sezinto zabo ezisetshenziswayo ezingavuthiwe nezobuchwepheshe obungavuthiwe. ubuchwepheshe bezicelo; ④ Ukwamukela ubuchwepheshe bokutholwa nokulawula okuthuthukisiwe, okusheshayo nokunembile, ukuthuthukisa inqubo yokukhiqiza, ukususa noma ukunciphisa ukulahlwa kwemfucuza, ukuthuthukisa isivuno sokuphonsa, ukwehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokungcola okubangelwa ukutholwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi noma okungalungile, kanye nokuzuza "ukusakaza okuluhlaza nokunobungani kwemvelo"; ⑤ Ukwamukela isiphetho esisebenzayo nesisebenzayo sokwelashwa kwamapayipi ukuze kuncishiswe ukuchithwa kokungcola endaweni ezungezile. Ngaphezu kokuphakamisa izidingo zobuchwepheshe zalezi zici ezingenhla, kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlanganisa nezimo zikazwelonke zemboni yaseShayina, ukuze amabhizinisi akwazi ukusebenzisa uhlelo olungcono kakhulu lokubusa (olubiza kancane, olusebenza kahle kakhulu) ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhishwa kokugcina okuhlangabezana nezindinganiso kazwelonke zemvelo.
2. Kusukela ezicini ezihlukahlukene ezifana nobuchwepheshe bokuphonsa, izinto zokubumba, nezinto zokuphonsa
Isimo samanje sokuvikelwa kwemvelo embonini ye-Foundry yaseChina siyakhathaza. Imizamo ingenziwa ukukhuthaza ukuvikeleka kwemvelo embonini yabasunguli kusuka ezicini ezahlukahlukene ezifana nobuchwepheshe bokuphonsa, izinto zokubumba, nemishini yokuphonsa: ① Ubuchwepheshe bokusakaza nezinto zokubumba: Ukubunjwa kwesihlabathi kuyindlela eyinhloko yobuchwepheshe bokuphonsa, okubalelwa ku-80% kuya ku-90% wawo wonke ukukhiqizwa kokulingisa. Emkhiqizweni wokuphonsa, ukungcoliswa kothuli, ukungcoliswa komoya, nokungcoliswa okuqinile okubangelwa izinto ezibunjwayo zokubunjwa kwesihlabathi yikona okubi kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kuzuzwe ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza futhi okuhlanzekile ekubunjweni kwesihlabathi, ama-binder aluhlaza we-inorganic kufanele asetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi inani lama-binders anezelwa kufanele lincishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka (okungcono ngaphandle kokuhlanganisa). Lokhu kunenzuzo kakhulu ekuxazululeni inkinga yokuvuselela isihlabathi esidala futhi kuzonciphisa kakhulu ukucindezela kwemvelo. Phakathi kwezindlela ezihlukahlukene zokuphonsa isihlabathi ezihilelekile okwamanje, ukukhishwa kwegwebu elahlekile kanye ne-V-indlela yokuphonsa kusetshenziswa i-adhesive free dry sand molding, kanye nokuphonsa isihlabathi sengilazi yamanzi nge-adhesive, yiyona ndlela engenzeka kakhulu yokufeza izinqubo zokukhiqiza "eziluhlaza kanye nemvelo". I-adhesive free lost foam casting eyaziwa ngokuthi "ubuchwepheshe obusha bokuphonsa bekhulu lama-21" kanye "nobunjiniyela obuluhlaza ekubunjweni" Imishini yokusakaza: Njengamanje, izingxenye eziningi zensimbi yaseChina ziyancibilika futhi zikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa iziqhumiso eziqhumayo, ezisebenzisa izinto zokuzivikela ezihlanzekile neziphila isikhathi eside, umoya oshisayo osebenza kahle kakhulu oqhubekayo wokuqhuma iziko, ukuthulula uketshezi lwensimbi, ukuthutha uketshezi lwensimbi. inani le-oxidation yensimbi kanye nesizukulwane se-slag; Ukwamukela izinyathelo ezinconyiwe zoMkhandlu Wamazwe Ngamazwe Wokulawulwa Kwemvelo Yokulahla ukuze kuhlanjululwe kusengaphambili izinto ezisetshenziswa esithandweni kunganciphisa ukukhishwa kothuli ngesikhathi senqubo yokuncibilika; Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-granulation slag obupholile ngamanzi kungenza i-slag ibe yimpahla yokwakha esebenza kahle kakhulu; Sebenzisa ngokugcwele igesi yokukhipha ephuma esithandweni somlilo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekukhiqizeni ukusakaza, ukucubungula imishini ekhiqiza uthuli nomsindo, njengokuhamba, ukuhlola, ukuhlanza, kanye nemishini yokulahla isihlabathi, ingathuthukiswa kusukela esakhiweni somkhiqizo ukuze kuncishiswe noma kuqedwe uthuli.
3. Ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamagesi alahlwayo ukuze kuvikelwe imvelo kanye nokwandisa ukongiwa kwezinsiza sekuyinhloso ephuthumayo elandelwa abasebenzi basezimboni emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, lapho amabhizinisi aseShayina asungula noma enza uguquko kwezobuchwepheshe, kufanele futhi aqondise ukusetshenziswa kabusha okuphelele kwemfucuza. Lokhu kungenziwa ngalezi zici ezilandelayo: ① Lapho uklama izinhlelo zenguquko, qala ucabange ngokukhuphula ukutshalwa kwezimali ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, futhi kunconywa ukuthi ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuvikelwa kwemvelo kube ngaphezu kuka-15% wesamba semali etshaliwe; ② Ukwamukela okokusebenza okuseqophelweni eliphezulu okuyimishini, okuzenzakalelayo, futhi evalelwe ukuze kuzuzwe izinhloso zokuvikela imvelo; ③ Ukwamukela izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezihlanzekile ukuze kuthuthukiswe indawo yokusebenza; ④ Ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokusetshenziswa kwensiza yemfucuza ye-Foundry ngokubhekisela ezindleleni zokulahla imfucuza zamabhizinisi angaphandle; ⑤ Namathela emigomeni yokunciphisa, ukusetshenziswa kabusha, kanye nokugaywa kabusha emnothweni oyindilinga.
Ukusatshalaliswa okuluhlaza kanye nemvelo “kuwukubonakaliswa kwesu lokuthuthukiswa komphakathi okusimeme embonini yokukhiqiza. Kusukela kumthamo wokukhiqiza, izinga lobuchwepheshe, izinga lekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla nezinto zokusetshenziswa, amathalente obuchwepheshe bokuphonsa, izinga lokuphathwa kwekhwalithi, nokukhishwa kwesihlabathi esilahlwayo, igesi engcolile, uthuli, izinsalela zemfucuza, umsindo, njll. yezimboni eziyisisekelo zokukhiqiza zaseShayina kanye nezici zokucwaninga, ukudweba okusekelwe embonini yangaphandle kanye nokudweba okusekelwe embonini yokucwaninga yaseShayina, izici eziyisisekelo zokucwaninga kanye nokudweba okusekelwe embonini yangaphandle yokucwaninga, ukudweba kanye nokudweba okuyisisekelo kwe-China. izinkinga ezikhona, kanye nezidingo eziyisisekelo zomklamo wokuvikela imvelo wemboni yokusakaza yaseChina kanye nezinga lobuchwepheshe lokusakaza, izindinganiso eziyisisekelo zokuklanywa kokuvikelwa kwemvelo kwezixhumanisi ezihlukene zokukhiqiza enqubweni yokukhiqiza ziyasungulwa njengezinjongo zamaphrojekthi amasha wokwakha, ukuvuselela, ukunwetshwa, kanye nokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza aseShayina Ukuziphatha kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza asezingeni elifanele, futhi ukuvikela imvelo kuthuthukisa ngamandla futhi ukuvikela imvelo ukuze kuzuzwe ngamandla. izinga lezobuchwepheshe lemboni yesisekelo saseChina ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zentuthuko esheshayo yomnotho wezwe.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-10-2025