Ngomfutho okhulayo ezinsizakalweni nasendaweni yethu ezweni lethu, iminyango kaHulumeni iphakamise izinhloso zokuthi "ukuzungeza inhlangano esongelwa izinsizakusebenza kanye nokwehliswa kwezinsizakusebenza zemvelo" kanye nokwehliswa okuphelele kwecebo leminyaka emihlanu ". EChina,-phonsaUdlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu emkhakheni wemishini yokukhiqiza imishini, ngezikhundla zokukhiqizwa kokukhiqiza kuqala emhlabeni iminyaka eyisithupha elandelanayo. Kunamabhizinisi wokuphonsa angaphezu kuka-27000, phakathi kwawo, ngaphandle kwamabhizinisi amakhulu ambalwa ane-Advanced Casting Technology, izinyathelo zokuvikela ezemvelo, izingqinamba eziningi zokukhiqiza zisenezinkinga zokukhiqiza eziphelelwe yisikhathi, nezinkinga zokuvikela ezemvelo ezingafakwanga ohlelweni lomsebenzi.
Umkhakha otholwayo ezweni lethu ubhekene nezinselelo ezinkulu ekuvikelweni kwemvelo. Ngokusho kwemibiko, ama-80% kuya kwangama-95% eChina-phonsaAmafektri ikakhulukazi asebenzisa ukubumba ngesandla, futhi ngaphansi kwama-5% wenani eliphelele lamagumbi okuqhuma afakwe izikhungo ezisebenzayo zokuvikela imvelo. Ngaphezu kwama-80% amabhizinisi okuphonsa anendawo enokhahlo ezindaweni, izimo zokusebenza ezingezinhle, ubuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza emuva, kanye nezindlela ezibanzi zokukhiqiza. Ngokombono wesakhiwo somkhakha wokuphonsa, amabhizinisi anezinkundla zemihlangano noma izindawo zokusebenzela ezingaphansi kwezitshalo zokukhiqiza, kanye nezitshalo ezinkulu zokuphonsa kanye nenani elikhulu lezitshalo zokuphonsa amalokishi. Ngokuya ngezinga lokukhiqiza kanye nesilinganiso, kukhona amathoyizi amakhulu anemishini ephezulu, ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, kanye nokukhishwa konyaka kwamashumi ezinkulungwane zamathani weizinkonsa, kanye namathoyizi amancane anemishini elula, ukusebenza kwezandla, ubuchwepheshe obuphelelwe yisikhathi kanye nokukhishwa konyaka kwamathani angaphezu kwekhulu okusamali. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ngenxa yomthelela wamandla, izici zezemvelo, kanye nezintengo zezabasebenzi, ukukhiqizwa kwezimali emazweni athuthukile asentshonalanga kuncishisiwe, kanti baphendukele kancane kancane emazweni aphezulu anokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwezobuchwepheshe nenani eliphakeme eliphakeme emazweni asathuthuka. Njengamanje, ukushesha kwembulunga yonke yezomnotho yomhlaba wonke kuhlinzeka ngamathuba nezinselelo zokuthuthuka kwemboni etholwe yaseChina. Isidingo sokukhokhiswa kwamaShayina kuzo zombili izimakethe zamazwe omhlaba kanye nasekhaya sibonisa inkambiso yokukhula eqhubekayo.
Imishini yokuphonsa, ukuphonsa isihlabathi ukucubungula ukubumba
Imishini yokuphonsa,Ukuphonsa ukucubungula kwesihlabathi
Ngokusekelwe ezingeni lamanje lobuchwepheshe obuphonsa ubuchwepheshe kanye nezinkinga eziphambili eChina, lo mbhalo uhlola izindlela eziphumelelayo zokufeza "okuluhlaza kanye nokuphonsa okuluhlaza okopile" kusuka kulezi zinto ezilandelayo:
1.Ukuthuthukiswa kwezindinganiso zokukhiqiza eziluhlaza zemboni etholwayo kufaka ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo obufana nemibono yokwakhiwa komkhiqizo kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza, njll. Lawa malivezi abuchwepheshe bezinqubo zokugcina kanye nezinqubo zokukhiqiza, kanye nokwandisa izakhiwo zemvelo wokukhokhiswa kukho konke impilo yabo emthonjeni obucabangela izici ezibalulekile ezithonya lokusebenzisa amandla aqondile, izinsizakusebenza zokungcola kanye nokuthola imali evuthayo (okufakwayo) ubuchwepheshe; ④ Ukutholwa kokutholwa okuthuthukile, okusheshayo nokunembile kanye nokulawula ubuchwepheshe, ukwenza kahle inqubo yokukhiqiza, ukunciphisa imfucumfucu yokuphonsa, ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwamandla, nokuthola ukulandisa okuluhlaza kanye nemvelo "; Ukwemukela isiphetho esisebenzayo nesisebenzayo sobuchwepheshe bokwelashwa kwamapayipi ukunciphisa ukukhishwa kokungcola emvelweni. Ngaphezu kokuphakamisa izidingo zobuchwepheshe zalezi zinto ezingenhla, kuyadingeka futhi ukuhlanganisa nezimo zezwe zaseChina ezitholile, ukuze amabhizinisi atholakale ehlelweni lokuphatha okuhle (izindleko eziphansi, asebenza kahle) ukuze afezeke amazinga okugcina wezemvelo.
2. Kusukela kusuka ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ezinjengobuchwepheshe bokuphonsa, izinto zokubumba, nemishini yokuphonsa
Isimo esikhona njengamanje sokuvikelwa kwemvelo embonini ye-wapula yaseChina siyakhathazeka. Kwenziwa imizamo ukukhuthaza ukuvikeleka kwemvelo embonini etholwayo kusuka ezintweni ezahlukahlukene ezinjengobuchwepheshe bokuphonsa, izinkampani zokukhohlisa: Ekukhiqizeni ukusakazwa, ukungcoliswa kothuli, ukungcoliswa komoya, nokungcoliswa okuqinile okubangelwa izinto zokubumba zokuphonswa kwesihlabathi kuyinto ebaluleke kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ukuze kufinyelelwe ukukhiqizwa okuluhlaza okotshani nokuhlanzekile ekusakazeni kwesihlabathi, ama-Inorganic ama-lindic kufanele asetshenziswe ngangokunokwenzeka, futhi inani lama-Binders angeziwe kufanele ancishiswe ngangokunokwenzeka (mhlawumbe ngaphandle kwama-bunders). Lokhu kuzuzisa kakhulu ukuxazulula inkinga yokuvuselela isihlabathi esidala futhi kuzonciphisa kakhulu ingcindezi emvelweni. Phakathi kwezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokuphonswa kwesihlabathi ezibandakanyekayo njengamanje, ukuphonsa amagwebu alahlekile kanye nendlela yokuphonsa ye-V Ukuphonswa kwe-foam kwama-foam okulahlekile kwamahhala kwaziwa ngokuthi "ubuchwepheshe obusha be-caring yekhulu lama-21" kanye "nobunjiniyela obuluhlaza okonhliswayo, okusetshenziswayo kwensimbi evulekile, okusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwensimbi okuhlanzekile, okusetshenziselwa ukwelashwa kwensimbi okuhlanzekile, okuthengwayo, nokubuyiselwa kobuchwepheshe be-iron Isizukulwane seSlag; Ukwamukela izindlela ezinconyiwe zoMkhandlu Wamanye Amazwe Ngokuphonsa Kwemvelo Ukulawulwa Kwezemvelo zokwelashwa kwezinto zokuhlanza izinsiza zothando zinganciphisa ukuphuma kothuli ngesikhathi senqubo yokumongisa; Ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe be-slanution opholile amanzi bungakha ukusweleka izinto zokwakha ezisebenza kahle kakhulu; Isebenzisa kahle igesi yokuphelelwa yisikhathi esithandweni esivuthayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ekukhiqizeni kwe-Casting, imishini yokucubungula eyenza uthuli nomsindo, njengokuhamba, ukuhlolwa, ukuhlanza, kanye nemishini yokulahla isihlabathi, kungathuthukiswa kusuka kusakhiwo somkhiqizo ukunciphisa noma ukuqeda uthuli.
I-3. Ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza kwamagesi okungcola ukuvikela imvelo yemvelo futhi kwandise ukulondolozwa kwezinsiza sekuphenduke umgomo ophuthumayo ophisheke abasebenzi abahlukahlukene emazweni ahlukahlukene. Ngakho-ke, lapho ama-Enterryr asungulwa aseChina akha noma enza ushintsho lobuchwepheshe, kufanele futhi axhumane nokuphindeka kwemfucuza. Lokhu kungenziwa kusuka kulezi zinto ezilandelayo: ① Lapho uklama amapulani wenguquko, okokuqala cabanga ngokwandisa imali ekuvikelweni kwemvelo, futhi kunconywa ukuthi i-akhawunti yokutshala imali yezemvelo yokutshala imali yezemvelo; Ukwamukela imishini yokuphonsa ethuthukile esebenza ngokuzenzakalelayo, ezenzakalelayo, futhi ebiyelwe ukufeza izinhloso zokuvikela ezemvelo; ③ Ukuthola izinqubo zokukhiqiza ezihlanzekile ukwenza ngcono imvelo yokusebenza; ④ ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obusha bokusetshenziswa kwezinsizakusebenza kwemfucuza ye-wadry ngokubhekisisa izindlela zokulahla imfucumfucu zamabhizinisi atholakalayo wamanye amazwe; Hlangana nemigomo yokuncipha, sebenzisa kabusha, futhi uphinde usebenze emnothweni oyindilinga.
Ukuphonsa okuluhlaza okwenzeka ngemvelo kanye nemvelo kungukubonakaliswa kwesu lokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo komphakathi embonini yezokukhiqiza. Kusukela kumthamo wokukhiqiza, izinga lobuchwepheshe, izinga lekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ukusetshenziswa kwamandla komkhiqizo kanye nezinto zokwakha imfucuza, ukukhishwa kwemfucumfucu, kanye nokususelwa kuzimpawu zokuchitha isikhathi, kususelwa ezinhlamvwini zemfucuza, amazinga ayisisekelo wokuvikelwa kwezemvelo Ukuklanywa kwezixhumanisi ezahlukene zokukhiqiza kwinqubo yokukhiqiza yokusakaza kusungulwa njengezinhloso zokwakhiwa okusha, ukuvuselelwa, ukunwetshwa, kanye namaphrojekthi wokuguqulwa kwezobuchwepheshe kwamabhizinisi aphonhla eChina. Ukuziphatha kwamabhizinisi okukhiqiza okuphonsa ngokulinganiswa, futhi ukuvikelwa kwemvelo kugqugquzelwa ngamandla ukufeza "okuluhlaza okotshani kanye nemvelo yokuphonsa embonini yezobuchwepheshe yaseChina ukufeza izidingo zokuthuthuka okusheshayo komnotho wezwe lonke.
Isikhathi sePosi: Feb-10-2025